Friday, 11 October 2024

Finnish Tactical Fighter Formations


I found a really interesting thread on an online forum today, explaining the tactical formations developed by the Finnish air force in the 1930's, one of the key factors in the success they had when fighting the Soviets in the Winter War. I always assumed that they copied the German schwarm as a tactical model, but I was clearly wrong:

'The Finnish Air Force adopted the revolutionary and very flexible two plane formation called Patrol [Partio] in the 1930's. 

Other formations were four plane Swarm [Parvi] (two patrols) and six or eight plane Flight [Lentue]. Swarm was especially efficient when patrols were staggered in height. 

The topmost fighter pair was called "top patrol" [lakipartio] and its task was to protect other fighters from surprises and help them in troubles. 

This I think was a Finnish "invention" which surprised Soviets. They too started using similar protection during the Winter War but in not so good success because their top patrol was tied to a formation it protected unlike the Finnish one which had free hands to operate. Additionally Soviet Polikarpov fighters had poor diving characteristics which made them unsuitable for effective protection.'

(I'll have to back track to identify the author but he's Finnish, so I guess knows what he's talking about)

I'm going to use these terms in my Bag the Hun scenarios and also write an explanation in the accompanying article, perhaps with a nifty diagram illustrate how they worked.

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